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This study examines mediation of coping behaviors among the relationships between parenting stress and depressive mood, hopelessness and quality of life in mothers of preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) younger than 5 years old. There were 96 mothers of preschool children with ASD with average chronological age about 35 months recruited in this study. The Parenting Stress Index (PSI) was used for measuring the parenting stress and Brief Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced Scale (B-COPE) was used to measure coping behaviors. In addition, the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-Ⅱ), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) were used for measuring the depressive mood, the feelings of hopelessness and the quality of life in mothers of preschool children with ASD, respectively. Exploratory factor analysis of B-COPE subscales identified four factors, including social support coping, problem-focused coping, avoidance distraction coping, and positive / religion coping. The social support coping correlated significantly positive with the quality of life. Additionally, the problem-focused coping correlated significantly negative with the depressive mood and feelings of hopelessness, and it also correlated significantly positive with the quality of life. Furthermore, the avoidance distraction coping correlated significantly positive with the depressive mood and feelings of hopelessness. Finally, the positive / religion coping correlated significantly negative with the feelings of hopelessness, and it also correlated significantly positive with the quality of life. The results suggested that the problem-focused coping was the partial mediation in the relationship between parenting stress and the quality of life. This study found that using the problem-focused coping could effectively buffer problems of mental health and enhance the quality of life in mothers of preschool children with ASD. In addition, using escape and distraction coping strategies has adverse effects on mental health in mothers of preschool children with ASD. The results of this study could provide implications for designing service of the mothers and family of preschool children with ASD.
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